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Turks strength to protect the Bratislava bridgehead on historical maps 17th-19th century.

Pišút, P., 2006. Turks strength protection of the Bratislava bridgehead on historical maps 17th-19th century. Anti-Ottoman fortifications for protection of Bratislava's bridgehead on the 17th-19th century historical maps. In Feranec, J., Pravda, J. (Eds.) Activities in cartography, the 2006th Bratislava, Cartographic al. SR and Geography Institute, p. 166-179.

original line Petržalka earth mounds and fortifications dating to the r. 1663, plotted on the map of AE Frič r. 1751 (No map. 3 in Annex).
slope earth pevnôstky - Reduta of r. 1809 north of Vienna roads, protecting access to Bratislava púredmostiu.
detail floor plans of two forts on the cadastral map of Petržalka r. 1856 (No map. 10, Annex), indicated particular course of parcel boundaries.

This paper examines almost unknown fortifications built to defend strategically important bridgehead in Bratislava's Petržalka. Interpretation of the 18th - 19th historical maps combined with literary data Allows to Recognise three stages in development of redoubts and earthen embankments, Which were most likely first Constructed in 1682-3. Remnants of eight originally modest-size redoubts, linked with 2 km long embankment, were during the Napoleonic war (1809) rebuilt by Austrian military into 6 larger, polygonal-shaped earthen outposts. Eventually, during the revolution in 1848 two of them near the Vienna highway were repeteadly strengthened by Hungarian Honvéd Army. Their remnants survived until today.

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endangerment of the village Čunovo (Slovakia) by lateral erosion of the Danube River in the 18th Century.

Pišút, P., 2008. Endangerment of the village Čunovo (Slovakia) by lateral erosion of the Danube River in the 18th Century . Moravian Geographical Reports, 16 (4): 33-44. 9 Figs., 39 refs., 18 historical map references.

Analysis of old maps enabled reconstruction of extremely dynamic channel changes of the Danube River along the part of its Slovak reach at the end of the 18th century. Prior to 1790, rapid development of a new Danube meander led to partial destruction of the small village Čunovo near Bratislava. Stone groynes were constructed to protect the undercut banks and to divert the flow into the new channel. Retreat of eroded banks at Čunovo over the periods 1783-1790 and 1790-1794 reached up to 432 and 229 m, respectively. Corresponding maximum rates of lateral erosion 57-72 m per year and/or 31-76 m during a single event are comparatively high in Central European conditions. Initiation and rapid development of the new meander were related to 1) increased river activity during the last onset of the Little Ice Age period, 2) serious channel changes after 1760 on the reach immediately upstream from Bratislava in ice, 3) siltation of the Lesser Danube, but also to 4) predisposition of the local floodplain topography.

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Oldest Map of Bratislava Ružinova of 16 century. Oldest manuscript maps of the Bratislava's suburbs Ružinov from the 16th century.

Pišút, P., 2004. Oldest Map of Bratislava Ružinova of 16 century. monuments and museums, 2, p. 44-48.

Def. part of today's Ružinova according to the map of the 90th 16th year century. In the middle Mlynský island, separated by a small Danube arm Karpfenwasser . Right part Grossling mills and shipping in the Danube suburbs.

hypothetical reconstruction of the Danube in Bratislava under the riverbed of maps from the late 16th century. Base = situation according to a map of the 50th of the 20th century, the state prior to construction of settlements. Small black arrows - direction of the Small Danube bank erosion in the 17th century.

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Meandering of the Danube at Bodíky before changing character stream in 18 century.

Pišút, P., 1995. Meandering Danube at Bodíky before changing character stream in 18 century. Geography Magazine, 47 (4): 285-298.

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The origin of the names of the Danube islands and Alberwerd Rudten Leber. The Etymology of the Danube Islands and Alberwerd Rudten Leber.

Pišút, P. 2005th The origin of the names of the Danube islands and Alberwerd Rudten Leber. Writings Bratislava City Museum (Acta Musei Civitatas Bratislavensis), Volume XVII. Bratislava, the Municipal Museum in Bratislava, p.

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Islands Alberwertel Rudten and Leber (then still nameless Cultural Centre as blue, Töbner Au) for cutting city maps od niv Juraja Rossboitnera z r. 1699. Mapa Jozefa v. Virtual z r. 1778, Archiv mesta Bratislavy.

Topol Čierny - Alber (s) ( Populus nigra L.) osamelý mohykán z Vlčieho Hrdla. Photo P. Pišút.

Historical Danube Island A lberwerd (was = older Germantown word for river island) is first evidence-by written sources among Several mediaeval islands or Bratislava in 1481 to 1525 (as Alberwer (d) t, Albers Werdt) and later in 1567 - 1578. Additional similar Alberwertel (wertel "Little Island") is depicted on a 1698 to 1702 maps (Fig. 1). The island developed from the original gravel bar in the contemporary Danube mainchannel sometime in the late sixteenth- or early seventeenth century (Fig. 2). By colonisation and rapid growth of tree vegetation (Salix sp., Populus sp.) it gradually evolved into 1.7 km long Island of St. Nicolaus (Fig. 3). Alber(n) is German term for a Poplar tree (Populus L.). The local Germans of Pressburg (Bratislava) narrowed its meaning to the Black Poplar (Populus nigra L.). Modern Slovak equivalent for a toponym Alberwerd is „(Black) Poplar Island“. Several hydro- and toponyms were derived from Poplar trees or stands, e. g. the name of the village Albern (today part of Simmering, Vienna city district) or former island Alber(n)haufen (1880 - 1991) near Regensbrunn, at the Austrian stretch of the Danube floodplain upstream from Bratislava.
There was another island with an interesting name close to Alberwertel. Whereas in 1698-1702 (Fig. 1) it was still an unnamed island in possession of Devín (Töbner Au), during 18th century (Fig. 3, 6) it became larger and known as Ru(d)ten-Leber island (Fig. 6). The name consists of German words Rutte(n) and Leber „liver“. Die Rutte (or der Rutten) is the Upper German name for the fish Burbot (Freshwater Codfish, Eelpout, Lota lota, Fig. 5). Burbot is the only European freshwater representative of the Codfish family, common in the Danube. The liver of Burbot have long been a culinary delicacy. The Rudten Leber island was „The Burbot´s Liver“! This bizarre name must have been given to the island by fishermen. Most probably, there was a near resemblance between planform of initial island, clearly seen from adjacent hillslopes (= mid-channel vegetated bar with two accreting lateral gravel bars) and specific three-lobed shape of burbot´s liver. From fishermen´s slang also come names of other local disappeared islands (Gressling; Wolfssdrüssel / Fischdrüssel; Fűszort) and channels (Karpfenwasser).
The 18th Century Rudten Leber island eventually developed into the current Sihoť island, which plays an important role in supplying of drinking water to Bratislava.

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Change Bratislava Danube according to historical maps.

Pišút, P. 1997th Bratislava Danube change according to historical maps. In Kováčová, M. (Ed.) Historical maps. Proceedings of Scientific Conference (Bratislava 24th-25th 4th 1997). Bratislava, Slovakia Cartographic Society, the Slovak National Archives, 1997. S. 103-114.

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Danube arms in the historic center of Bratislava.

Baxa, P. Cejka, T., Hajnalová, M., Pišút, P., Ševčáková, A., 2003. Danube arms in the historic center of Bratislava. In: Hasek, V., some way, R., Unger, J. (Eds.): In the Service of Archaeology IV. : Proceedings of the 75th birthday of prof. PhDr. V. Some way, DrSc. Brno, museum and tourism company in Brno; Geodrill, Nitra: Archaeological. Institute, 2003. S. 135-146.

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River sediments fill former Greslinsgského arm (part of the Little Danube, medieval Cal), the site of today's insurance Wüstenrot, Dostoevsky series in Bratislava, dating from the 16th to 17th century.

bleached subfosil trough shell ( Unio sp.), Which lived on the shoulders sometimes in the 16 century.

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History Nature Reserve Gajc.

Pišút, P., 2004. History Nature Reserve Gajc. From the history of Nature Reserve Gajc . Biskupická Newspapers, 4 (2): p. 5.

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Gajc, interior lowland forest with a gray poplar (Populus x canescens), ash (Fraxinus excelsior ), sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus ), dogwood (Cornus mas ) and other plants at a , modeled yet in the 18 century side-branches of the Danube.

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Petržalka destruction in the second half of the 18th Century lateral erosion of the Danube.

Pišút, P., 1993. Petržalka destruction in the 2nd mid-18th Century lateral erosion of the Danube. Geographic Magazine, 45 (1): 41-52. In Slovak, Angličtina abstract and summary, 6 Figs., 7 refs.

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contribution to the reconstruction of historical maps of the development of the Danube riverbed on the border of Austria-Hungary (16th-19th century).

Pišút, P., 2005. contribution to the reconstruction of historical maps of the development of the Danube riverbed on the border of Austria-Hungary (16th-19th century) . (Contribution of historical maps to the reconstruction of the Danube channel evolution near the old Hungarian-Austrian border (16th-19th centuries) . In truth, J. (ed.): Historical maps, pp. 167-181. In Slovak with Angličtina summary, 5 Figs., 23 historical maps of references, 17 refs.

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Part Danube Bratislava elevates the Greek islands with blue cheese ( Kriechenau ) and Potenburská blue ( Wottenburger Au), along the St. time of the disputed territory on the manuscript of the map r. 1675th Bratislava Archive, inv. number. 1241.

Fig. 2 - Hypothetical reconstruction of the Danube river bed elevates Bratislava in the 17th century. The letter S denotes the location of the disputed territory north from garlic arm (shown in the previous chart), which later pririekli Wolfsthal.

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Channel evolution of the pre-channelized Danube River in Bratislava, Slovakia (1712-1886).

Pišút, P., 2002. Channel evolution of the pre-channelized Danube River in Bratislava, Slovakia (1712-1886) . Earth Surface Processes and landforms, 27 (4): 369-390.

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Historical development of floodplain site using Mollusca and cartographic evidence.

Pišút, P. Cejka, T., 2002. Historical development of floodplain site using Mollusca and cartographic evidence. Ecology (Bratislava), 21 (4): 378-396, 5 Tabs., 5 Figs., 44 refs.

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Archbishop border milestones in 1784 in Podunajske Bischofswerda.

Pišút, P., Rac, P., 2001. Archbishop border milestones in 1784 in Podunajske Bischofswerda. Monuments and Museums , 2: 22-25.

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most preserved of the Archbishop's historic milestones dating 1784th Along with other previously labeled same stretch of border lowland forest, belonging to landlord Biskupice, archbishops (AES = ArchiEpiscopus Strigoniensis ). Mounting of milestones following the award of the previously "forbidden" biskupičanom forest, as a result of the new structure of relations between landlords and serfs after the adoption of landowners.

Biskupický second milestone of 1784. Status of spring r. 2008th Photo © P. write.

... And in autumn 2009. Entire 224 years stand in the floodplain forest, withstand the ravages of time, to finally become a victim of insensitive current management practices (not only) in floodplain forest, which ruthlessly changing and blurring the original character of the terrain of river floodplain. After removing the adjacent forest clear cuts milestone ended buried under a pile haluziny and mining residues, sweep bulldozers on the edge of mined areas in the so-called. "General training and land for new planting. Photo © P. Pišút, 16.11.2008.

third Archbishop milestone for change made sad witness to the "culture" unknown vandals. Milestone years of demolition of the country, was again erected on the occasion of the enlargement Gajc Nature Reserve in 2004. Also scored on a sacrifice bulldozers?

The second half of the 18th century has also produced two historic landmarks in the village of Berg (Austria), which are part of the memorial, commemorating the double devastation of the village by the Turks. Preview sensitive approach to a small historical artifact if its own history of the site, the crow flies only 13 km from Podunajské Biskupice .

Berg, a historic landmark in 1761, polodetail.

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Study of the Danube River Palaeochannel, Australia (preliminary results).

Pišút, P., Kubalová, S., Hajnalová, M., Slamková, M., 2004. Study of the Danube River Palaeochannel, Australia (preliminary results). Geomorhologia Slovaca, 1: 12-21, 4 Figs., 3 Tabs., 34 Refs.

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